A collection of pieces from or inspired by Gypsy music for viola with piano accompaniment. Easy to Intermediate Level.
1.
Monti - Czardasz
"Csardas" (or "Czardas") is a composition by Italian composer Vittorio Monti. A rhapsodical concert piece written in 1904, it is a well-known folk piece based on a csardas, a typical Hungarian folk dance. Originally composed for violin, mandolin or piano, there are also arrangements for orchestra and for a number of solo instruments.
"Hungarian Dance No. 4" is from a collection of 21 Hungarian Dances composed by Brahms in 1879. The collection was likely borne out of the composer's association with violinist Ede Reményi, who introduced Brahms to gypsy music. Apart from three pieces, the collection uses existing Hungarian folk tunes. The work was one of Brahms most popular and lucrative and remains widely performed today.
Although the version for guitar (an arrangement by Andres Segovia) is by far the most famous, this piece was originally a piano movement, used by Albeniz in his "Cantos de España." After his death a music publisher also added it to the "Suite Española," which has been the source of confusion ever since!
This is the first movement from a suite of six pieces composed by Bartók in 1915 and orchestrated by him in 1917. It is based on seven Romanian tunes from Transylvania, originally played on a fiddle or shepherd's flute. This movement is entitled "Bot tánc / Jocul cu bâtă" ("Stick Dance"). According to the composer, he heard its melody being played by two gypsy violinists in a village in Transylvania.
5.
Dvorak - Songs My Mother Taught Me (Als die alte Mutter) from Gypsy songs
"Songs My Mother Taught Me" is a song for voice and piano written in 1880 by Antonín Dvořák. It is the fourth of seven songs from his cycle "Gypsy Songs," B. 104, Op. 55. The Gypsy Songs are set to poems by Adolf Heyduk in both Czech and German. This song is a favourite recital work for both singers and, in various transcriptions, for solo instrumentalists.
"Kalinka" is a Russian song written in 1860 by the composer and folklorist Ivan Larionov and first performed in Saratov as part of a theatrical entertainment that he had composed. The refrain of the song refers to the kalinka, which is the snowball tree (Viburnum opulus). The song has had considerable cultural influence, appearing in films, television and in a number of video games, including "Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege" and "Civilisation VI."
My Gypsy Girl ("Moye Tziganochki" or "Мое Цыганочки"), is a gypsy song of Russian origin. It shares some melodic features with Boris Fomin's more famous "Dorogoi Dlinnoyu" ("Those Were the Days") and like that song makes use of an opening accelerando (though this is a common trope in this type of folk music, see "Kinokio" and "Turquoise Bracelets," for example). In this piece, however, a shift to the major in the central section provides a welcome contrast to the minor outer sections.
Although known as a traditional Russian Gypsy folk-song, "Two Guitars" was, in fact, composed by Ivan Vasiliev (1810–1870) with lyrics by Apollon Grigoriev. It seems to have been written for a Gypsy folk choir that Vasiliev ran with Grigoriev. The type of guitar referred to in the title was of 7-strings and particular to Russia. The song came to exist in many versions, with performers often inventing their own, often risqué, lyrics.
"Dark Eyes" is a popular Russian romantic song. The lyrics were written by the poet and writer Yevgeny Grebyonka (Yevhen Hrebinka) who was of Ukrainian origin. The most renowned and played version of this song was written by Adalgiso Ferraris and published as "Schwarze Augen" (Black Eyes). With more than a million views on You Tube, one of the most popular modern performances is by the Red Army Choir.
"Turquoise Bracelets" is a Russian gypsy song of unknown authorship. While not as well-known as other gypsy pieces, the opening melody, which is drawn inextricably towards the minor, is achingly melancholic. The harmonic process is repeated in the second section, which is crowned with dramatic running quavers.
Tumbalalaika is a Russian Jewish folk and love song in the Yiddish language. Tum is the Yiddish word for noise and a balalaika is a stringed musical instrument of Russian origin. The song is about a clever young man who, anxious to see if a girl is intelligent enough to be his bride, tests her with riddles.
12.
Boris Fomin - Dorogoi Dlinnoyu (Those Were the Days)
"Those Were the Days" is a song often credited to Gene Raskin, who put English lyrics to the Russian romance song "Dorogoj dlinnoju" ("Дорогой длинною," literally "By the long road"), composed by Boris Fomin (1900–1948). It reminisces upon youth and romantic idealism, also dealing with tavern activities, including drinking, singing and dancing. Perhaps the most well-known recording of the song was by Mary Hopkins on her 1968 debut single, produced by Paul McCartney and released on Apple records.
A popular gypsy tune of uncertain origin. It is in three parts, a vigorous melody characterised by a syncopation across the barline, a section that contains similar melodic features as the first, but with the syncopation moved to within the bar and a third part whose main feature is running quavers. The first two sections are repeated, bring the piece to a lively close.
Kinokio is a Hungarian Gypsy song of unknown origin. Like "My Gypsy Girl" and "Those Were the Days" it opens with a gradual accelerando. Overall, however, it is much simpler in structure, consisting of a melody that is played once, then embellished before the whole is repeated.
"Oh Mama, I love the Gypsy named Jana" ("Ой, мама, мама, мам") is of Russian origin. In it an unnamed youth tells his sceptical mother of his love for a gypsy named Jana. In trying to convince her that this is a positive thing he points out the many things that gypsies love that, like his love, are complicated and yet good:
Gypsies love songs, but songs are not simple, Gypsies love songs, but songs are sweet. Oh, mother, mother, mother, I love the gypsy Jan ...
